{{{#!wiki MK_Nav ||||||!FlightTime|| }}} {{{#!wiki MK_select1 * {{http://mikrokopter.de/images/deu.gif}} [[FlugZeit|deutsch]] * {{http://mikrokopter.de/images/fra.gif}} [[fr/FlightTime|français]] }}} Siehe auch: AntriebsTheorie, [[Einsteigertipps]] <> = Flight time of MikroKopters = The flight time depends on the following factors: * Lipo capacity * weight including payload * Motor/propeller combination * losses (wind, hovering or sportive flying,...) To estimate the theoretical flight times of the Mikrokopters, there are these possibilities: * use the curves of the sets below * use the calculation software * calculate it manually == how to read the curves == The curves were made with a [[http://forum.mikrokopter.de/topic-21052-1.html|software]] too by marc. They use measured motor/propeller data. === Flight time vs. Lipo capacity === {{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=76006&g2_serialNumber=1}} Here we see the curve "Flight time vs. Lipo capacity" of a Quadro XL On the lower scale we see Lipo capacity and on the upper scale we see the flight time. If we want to find out, '''what flight time we can get with a 6600 Lipo''', we need to do the following: * find the 6600 on the lower scale * now we go up until we reach the curve * on the left scale we see the corresponding flight time (almost 34minutes) The curves are calculated with realistic Lipo-weights. They consider that higher capacity means higher weight. You can also see on that curve, that the maximum capacity is 14.000mAh. That is the point where the additional Lipos-weights are negative for the flight time. === Flight time vs. Payload === Additional payloads reduce the flight time of course. {{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=76009&g2_serialNumber=1}} There are three curves. They depend on the flight style. Slow hovering results in the longest flight time, because of low losses. So if we want to find out '''what flight time we can expect with 500g''' payload, we have to read the curves as follows: * search the payload on the lower scale [g] * go up until you reach the curve you expect 'hovering', 'normal' or 'sportive' * go left to read the flight time In this excample the flight time is between 13 and 20 minutes depending on the flight style. = Theoretical calculation of the flight time = If you want to calculate the theoretical value, you can do it that way: == measure the total weight including battery == Example on a Hexa with ~2150g --> 1000g Empty weight plus 1150g Lipos Devide the value by 6 (because six engines) --> 358g per engine '''Thrust per engine = Total weight / Number of Engines''' == reading the current from the table == Now we determine the current that the engine needs to hoover (more exactly: Input current of the BL controller) This one uses this characteristic: [[http://www.mikrocontroller.com/files/Schubdiagramm_Roxxy2827-35.jpg|{{http://www.mikrocontroller.com/files/Schubdiagramm_Roxxy2827-35.jpg}}]] (This characteristic applies to [[ROXXY2827-35]] and [[MK2832-35]] (formerly known as MK2832/52) on a 4S Lipo) In the courve you can see 2,5A for about 358g Means: Each engine requires 2.5A, to lift his part of the total weight. There is a total current of 2.5 A * 6 = 15A. == Calculate the maximum flight time using the battery charge capacity == The Hexakopter has been used in this example with two 5000mAh-Lipos. The formula is: '''t (in Hours) = Lipo-capacity / Total current ''' t = 10Ah / 15A = 0,666h The time in minutes is: t = 60 * 10 / 15 = 40 minute == Power consumption and other losses == The above-determined value is an ideal value that specifies the absolute limit. You'd have to really consider: * The thrust characteristic was measured with a 100% loaded LiPo. The thrust decreases slightly when the voltage drops in flight. * Turbulence * Losses due to regulations * other losses (e.g. in cables, etc.) For this reasons we estimate ~10% losses So you have: t = 90% * 60 minute * Lipo-capacity / Total current '''t = 0,9 * 60 * 10 / 15 = 36 minute ''' = Test of the theory = This we wanted to test pratically. And here is the [[http://www.rcmovie.de/video/858cf22b819d0bce64fb/MikroKopter-HexaKopter-Test-der-Flugdauer|Video]] of the test. [[http://www.rcmovie.de/video/858cf22b819d0bce64fb/MikroKopter-HexaKopter-Test-der-Flugdauer|{{http://www.rcmovie.de/thumb/1_22713.jpg}}]] = Software tool for estimating the flight time = The calculation can be done very easily with a tool from Marc: [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/uploads/Bildschirmfoto-Flugzeitrechner.png.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=72056}}]] http://forum.mikrokopter.de/topic-21052-1.html == Test at a time-of-competition == With the software-tool we calculated the following graphs: [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Graph_Hexa2_capacity.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75127}}]] [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Graph_HexaXL_capacity.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75129}}]] So for the '''Hexa2''' we calculated a flying time of about '''35 minutes''' and for the '''Hexa-XL 40 minutes''' We were able to validate this in practice: [[http://www.vimeo.com/15140230|{{http://b.vimeocdn.com/ts/906/435/90643508_200.jpg}}]] (Video) = Weights and flight times of the (standard) MikroKopters = == MikroKopter as Quadro == with * 4 Motors Roxxy2827-35 * 48cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * GPS-cap * Flexlander-L Landing Gear '''weight 640g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max.Flight time''' ||'''with 200g payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=383|2200/4S]] ||21min ||16min || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=348|3300/4S]] ||27min ||22min || [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=434|L4-ME]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 2200/4s || ||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Quadro_2200_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75975}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Quadro_2200_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75978}}]]|| == MikroKopter as Quadro XL == with * 4 Motors MK3538 * 56cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * Flexlander-XL Landing gear '''Weight 970g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max. Flight time''' ||'''with 400g Payload'''||'''with 800g Payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|5000/4S]] ||29min ||18min ||15min || [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=591|QuadroXL]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 5000/4s || ||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/QuadroXL_5000_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75981}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/QuadroXL_5000_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75984}}]]|| == MikroKopter as Hexa / Hexa2 == with * 6 Motors * 56cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * Flexlander-XL Landing Gear '''weight 1000g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max. Flight time''' ||'''with 200g payload'''||'''with 500g payload'''||'''with 750g payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=348|3300/4S]] ||21min ||18min ||14min||11min|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|5000/4S]] ||28min ||25min ||19min||16min|| [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=522|Hexa2]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 3300/4s || Time vs. Payload with 5000/4s || || [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Hexa2_3300_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75951}}]]|| [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Hexa2_3300_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75954}}]]|| [[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Hexa2_5000_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75957}}]]|| == MikroKopter as Hexa-XL == with * 6 Motors [[MK3538|MK3538]] * 56cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * Hilander-26 Landing Gear '''weight 1600g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max. Flight time''' ||'''with 200g payload'''||'''with 500g payload'''||'''with 750g payload'''||'''with 1000g payload'''||'''with 1250g payload'''||'''with 1500g payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|6600/4S]] ||28min ||24min ||21min||18min||16min||14min||13min|| Characteristic curve of the engines here: [[MK3538|MK3538]] [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=561|HexaXL]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 6600/4s || ||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/HexaXL_6600_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75960}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/HexaXL_6600_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75963}}]]|| == MikroKopter as Okto / Okto2 == with * 8 Motors * 77cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * Flexlander-XL Landing Gear '''weight 1260g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max. Flight time''' ||'''with 200g payload'''||'''with 500g payload'''||'''with 750g payload'''||'''with 1000g payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=348|3300/4S]] ||17min ||16min ||14min ||12min||9min|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|5000/4S]] ||24min ||21min ||18min ||16min||13min|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|2*5000/4S]] ||35min ||32min ||27min ||24min||21min|| [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=586|Okto]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 5000/4s || Time vs. Payload with 6600/4s || ||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Okto2_5000_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75966}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Okto2_5000_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75969}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/Okto2_6600_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=75972}}]]|| == MikroKopter as Okto XL == with * 8 Motors [[MK3538|MK3538]] * 95cm * Navi-GPS-MK3Mag * Hilander-26 Landin gear '''weight 1830g''' without Lipo maximum (arithmetical) Flight times: ||'''Lipo''' ||'''max. Flight time''' ||'''with 200g payload'''||'''with 500g payload'''||'''with 750g payload'''||'''with 1000g payload'''||'''with 1500g payload'''|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|6600/4S]] ||24min ||22min ||19min ||17min||16min||13min|| ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|2*6600/4S]] ||35min ||32min ||28min ||26min||24min||21min|| [[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=80&products_id=607|Okto XL]] || Time vs. Lipo || Time vs. Payload with 6600/4s || Time vs. Payload with 10.000/4s || Time vs. Payload with 2 * 6.600/4s || ||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/OktoXL_6600_Lipo.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=78190}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/OktoXL_6600_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=78193}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/OktoXL_10000_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=78569}}]]||[[http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php/v/tech/OktoXL_13200_Payload.gif.html|{{http://gallery.mikrokopter.de/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=78572}}]]|| = Weight of 4S-Lipos = ||'''Lipo''' ||'''voltage''' ||'''capacity''' ||'''weight''' || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=383|2200/4S]] ||14,8V ||2,2Ah ||238g || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=348|3300/4S]] ||14,8V ||3,3Ah ||365g || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=440|5000/4S]] ||14,8V ||5,0Ah ||520g || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=533|6600/4S]] ||14,8V ||6,6Ah ||715g || = Weight of 3S-Lipos = /!\ Be careful, the speed curve must have been taken with 3S (the curve of 2827-34 does not apply here) ||'''Lipo''' ||'''voltage''' ||'''capacity''' ||'''weight''' || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=299|1800/3S]] ||11,1V ||1,8Ah ||153g || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=300|2200/3S]] ||11,1V ||2,2Ah ||179g || ||[[https://www.mikrocontroller.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=87&products_id=298|3300/3S]] ||11,1V ||3,3Ah ||269g || <
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